l 2019可降解塑料技术与市场论坛将于4月24-25日在云南昆明召开
l PBS类生物降解材料合成的关键技术将是会议探讨重点
l 会议还将探讨海水可降解塑料技术
可降解塑料在一定条件下可以在较短时间内被分解成二氧化碳和水，是应对“白色污染”和“海洋塑料污染”的有效方法。可降解塑料既可以用生物原料生产，也可以来自于石化或煤化工原料。世界各国对塑料袋和一次性塑料制品的使用规定和限制的不断增加，推动了可降解塑料的需求增长。联合国环境规划署（UNEP）调查结果显示，已有至少67个国家及地区对一次性塑料袋采取限制措施。
聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS），由丁二酸和丁二醇聚合而成，具有良好的热性能、机械加工性能，易被自然界的多种微生物或动植物体内的酶分解、代谢，最终分解为二氧化碳和水，是典型的可完全生物降解材料。
PBS的工业化制备主要采用扩链法和一步法。
扩链法：主要分酯化，缩聚和扩链三个步骤，使用该方法生产 PBS需要添加扩链剂；一步法：使用新型催化体系，肪族二元酸和二元醇直接缩聚制得高分子量的 PBS 聚酯。
通过添加第三组分制备PBS共聚物，同样具备生物降解性能，主要包括聚丁二酸-己二酸丁二醇酯（PBSA）、聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸丁二醇酯（PBAT）。
PBS类生物降解材料产业化进程
日本昭和高分子公司于1993年建成3000吨/年PBS及其共聚物生产装置，采用扩链法生产，成功开启PBS商业化进程。巴斯夫自1998年开始推出完全可降解聚酯PBAT，已具备7.4万吨/年产能。
中国PBS产业化起步相对较晚，2006年，安庆和兴化工与清华大学合作建成3000吨/年PBS生产线，目前年产能达1万吨。
2008年，杭州鑫富采用中科院理化所技术，建成世界上第一条一步法合成PBS生产线，目前产能1万吨/年；此后，中科院理化所先后授权山东汇盈新材料、金晖兆隆和山东悦泰生物新材料生产PBS/PBAT，目前山东汇盈新材料具备2.5万吨/年PBS/PBAT产能、金晖兆隆具备2万吨/年PBAT产能、山东悦泰拥有2.5万吨/年PBS/PBAT产能。
金发科技现有3.5万吨/年PBSA/PBAT产能。子公司珠海万通化工有限公司年产30000吨特种聚酯（PBAT）及配套设施扩建项目于2018年12月由珠海市环保局受理。
2017年7月，新疆蓝山屯河化工股份有限公司百万吨生物新材料科技产业园一期项目在昌吉国家高新技术开发区举行开工仪式。该产业园规划到“十四五”末，将全面完成40万吨PBS以及其他聚酯项目的建设，届时聚酯产品规模将突破百万吨。目前园区内蓝山屯河2x3万吨/年PBSA全生物降解树脂项目正在建设中。
PBS类生物降解塑料主要由石化产业链中所生产的单体通过聚合所制造，除此之外，还可以通过生物发酵制备二元酸和二元醇，再聚合得PBS。
目前国际上采用生物原料生产PBS的主要是日本三菱化学。国内山东兰典科技股份有限公司买断了中科院专利技术，以生物发酵法生产生物基丁二酸，及以丁二酸为原料生产生物基PBS可降解塑料，山东兰典“非粮原料生物法50万吨/年琥珀酸及生物基产品PBS产业化”项目总设计规模为生物基丁二酸50万吨/年、生物基PBS可降解塑料20万吨/年。
PBS具备优异的加工性能，可以通过共聚等方法改性，调整材料性能；优异的加工性能使得其加工包容性强，与淀粉、碳酸钙等共混以实现成本降低的同时仍能保持较好的材料性能。PBS作为生物降解材料主要应用于包装材料､农膜产品､纺织品､医用制品等领域，其原料可以是传统能源也可以是生物质，来源丰富，具有非常广阔的应用前景。中国PBS产业化发展已初步成熟，未来发展可期。
2019可降解塑料技术与市场论坛将于4月24-25日在云南昆明召开。会议将探讨可降解塑料政策发展趋势与市场机遇，八大可降解塑料—聚乳酸（PLA）、淀粉类（PSM）、聚酯类（PBS/PBAT/PBSA）、聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）、聚己内酯（PCL）、聚乙醇酸（PGA）、CO2共聚物和聚乙烯醇（PVA）—生产技术与成本降低展望，可降解塑料原料多元化与下游应用领域的拓展，可降解塑料完全生物降解条件与机理研究等。
PBS biodegradable materials industry development status - BASF, Kinga, Blue Ridge Tunhe, etc.
l Degradable Plastic Technology and Market Forum 2019 will be held on April 24-25 in Kunming, Yunan, China
l Key technologies for Dibasic acid glycol copolyester (PBS/PBSA/PBAT) synthesis will be an important topic of the forum
l This forum will also discuss seawater degradable materials
Degradable plastics can be decomposed into CO2 and water in a short period of time under certain conditions, which is an effective method for dealing with "White Pollution" and "Marine Plastic Pollution". Degradable plastics can be produced either from biological materials or from petrochemical or coal chemical materials. The increasing regulations and restrictions on the use of plastic bags and disposable plastic products in countries around the world have driven the growth in demand for degradable plastics. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) survey, at least 67 countries and regions have imposed restrictions on disposable plastic bags.
Polybutylene succinate (PBS), which is polymerized from succinic acid and butanediol, has good thermal properties and mechanical processing properties, and is easily decomposed and metabolized by various microorganisms or enzymes in nature. It eventually decomposes into carbon dioxide and water. It is a typical fully biodegradable material.
The industrial preparation of PBS mainly adopts the chain extension method and the one-step method.
Chain extension method: mainly three steps of esterification, polycondensation and chain extension. The use of this method to produce PBS requires the addition of a chain extender; one-step method: using a new catalytic system, the direct condensation of aliphatic dibasic acid and glycol produces polyester with high molecular weight .
The copolymer of PBS prepared by adding the third component also has biodegradability, mainly including poly butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate (PBSA), poly butylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT).
PBS series biodegradable materials industrialization process
In 1993, Japan Showa highpolymer built a 3,000 ton/year PBS and its copolymer production unit, which was produced by the chain extension method and successfully opened the PBS commercialization process. Since 1998, BASF has launched fully degradable polyester PBAT, which has a capacity of 74,000 tons/year.
China's PBS industrialization started relatively late. In 2006, Anqing Hexing Chemical and Tsinghua University cooperated to build a 3,000-ton/year PBS production line, with an currently annual production capacity of 10,000 tons.
In 2008, Hangzhou Xinfu adopted the technology of the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (TIPC-CAS) to build the world's first one-step synthetic PBS production line, currently has capacity of 10,000 tons/year. Since then, TIPC-CAS has authorized Shandong Huiying New Materials, Jinhui Zhaolong and Shandong Yuetai produces PBS/PBAT. At present, Shandong Huiying New Materials has 25,000 tons/year PBS/PBAT capacity, Jinhui Zhaolong has 20,000 tons/year PBAT capacity, and Shandong Yuetai has 25,000 tons/year PBS/ PBAT capacity.
Kingfa currently has a capacity of 35,000 tons/year PBSA/PBAT. Subsidiary Zhuhai Wantong Chemical Co., Ltd. ‘’30,000 tons/a of specialty polyester (PBAT) and supporting facilities expansion project ‘’was accepted by Zhuhai Environmental Protection Bureau in December 2018.
In July 2017, the first phase project start ceremony of Xinjiang Blue Ridge Tunhe Chemical Industry Joint Stock's Million Ton Bio-New Material Technology Industrial Park was held in Changji National High-tech Development Zone. The industrial park will be planned to complete the construction of 400,000 tons of PBS and other polyester projects by the end of the ‘’14th Five-Year Plan‘’. By then, the scale of polyester products will exceed one million tons. At present, the 2x30,000 tons/year PBSA biodegradable resin project of the Xinjiang Blue Ridge Tunhe in the park is under construction.
PBS series biodegradable plastics are mainly produced by polymerization of monomers produced in the petrochemical industrial chain. In addition, dibasic acids and glycols can be prepared by biological fermentation, and then PBS is obtained by polymerization.
At present, the production of PBS using biological raw materials is mainly Mitsubishi Chemical of Japan. In China, Shandong LanDian Biological Technology Co., LTD. bought out the patent technology of Chinese academy of sciences to produce bio-based succinic acid by biological fermentation and to produce bio-based PBS biodegradable plastic using succinic acid as raw material. The company covers an area of 1500 mu and the total design scale of the project is 500,000 tons/year of bio-based succinic acid and 200,000 tons/year of bio-based PBS biodegradable plastic, with a total investment of 5 billion yuan and construction in three phases.
PBS has excellent processing properties, can be modified by copolymerization and other methods to adjust material properties; and can be blended with starch, calcium carbonate, etc. to achieve cost reduction while still maintaining good material properties. As a biodegradable material, PBS is mainly used in packaging materials, agricultural film products, textiles, medical products, etc. Its raw materials can be from traditional energy sources or biomass, and have abundant sources and have broad application prospects. The development of China's PBS industrialization is becoming more mature and has broad prospects.
Degradable Plastic Technology and Market Forum 2019 will be held on April 24-25 in Kunming, Yunan, China. The upcoming conference will discuss degradable plastics policy development trends and market opportunities, production technology and cost reduction of eight major degradable plastics - PLA, PSM, Dibasic acid glycol copolyester (PBS/PBSA/PBAT), PHA, PCL, PGA, PVA and CO2 copolymers, diversification of degradable plastic raw materials and expansion of downstream applications, development and application of seawater degradable materials, etc.
